The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control

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The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control

This paper briefly reviews the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia and their relationships with the thalamocortical system. The basal ganglia, including the striatum, pallidum, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra, are involved in a number of parallel, functionally segregated cortical-subcortical circuits. These circuits support a wide range of sensorimotor, cognitive and emotional-mot...

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Oscillations and the basal ganglia: Motor control and beyond

Oscillations form a ubiquitous feature of the central nervous system. Evidence is accruing from cortical and sub-cortical recordings that these rhythms may be functionally important, although the precise details of their roles remain unclear. The basal ganglia share this predilection for rhythmic activity which, as we see in Parkinson's disease, becomes further enhanced in the dopamine depleted...

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The motor functions of the basal ganglia.

The past 25 years have seen a resurgence of interest in the basal ganglia. In the 1980s, a series of studies yielded the now classic descriptions of basal ganglia connectivity and information flow that now dominates textbook descriptions. This was followed by the appearance of reward-based learning theories of corticostriatal function in which dopamine played a critical role in modulating corti...

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Modeling the Role of the Basal Ganglia in Natural Motor Control and Motor Programming

Motivation: It is recognized that the basal ganglia and associated regions of the frontal cerebral cortex contribute to control of movement speed and posture as well as to regulation of motor sequencing and even the organization of higher motor behavior and cognitive processes. In some sense, these structures embody at least ”motor intelligence”. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia results in move...

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The roles of the basal ganglia (BG) in motor control are much debated. Many influential hypotheses have grown from studies in which output signals of the BG were not blocked, but pathologically disturbed. A weakness of that approach is that the resulting behavioral impairments reflect degraded function of the BG per se mixed together with secondary dysfunctions of BG-recipient brain areas. To o...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Neural Plasticity

سال: 2003

ISSN: 2090-5904,1687-5443

DOI: 10.1155/np.2003.107